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2.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 19: eAO6002, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154091

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To carry out a scoping review of the meta-analyses published regarding about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), evaluating their main characteristics, publication trends and methodological quality. Methods: A bibliometric search was performed in PubMed®, Scopus and Web of Science, focusing on meta-analyses about COVID-2019 disease. Bibliometric and descriptive data for the included articles were extracted and the methodological quality of the included meta-analyses was evaluated using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews. Results: A total of 348 meta-analyses were considered eligible. The first meta-analysis about COVID-19 disease was published on February 26, 2020, and the number of meta-analyses has grown rapidly since then. Most of them were published in infectious disease and virology journals. The greatest number come from China, followed by the United States, Italy and the United Kingdom. On average, these meta-analyses included 23 studies and 15,200 participants. Overall quality was remarkably low, and only 8.9% of them could be considered as of high confidence level. Conclusion: Although well-designed meta-analyses about COVID-19 disease have already been published, the majority are of low quality. Thus, all stakeholders playing a role in COVID-19 deseases, including policy makers, researchers, publishers and journals, should prioritize well-designed meta-analyses, performed only when the background information seem suitable, and discouraging those of low quality or that use suboptimal methods.


RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de escopo das metanálises publicadas sobre a doença pelo coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19), avaliando suas principais características, tendências de publicação e qualidade metodológica. Métodos: Uma busca bibliométrica foi realizada em PubMed®, Scopus e Web of Science, com foco em metanálises sobre a doença pelo COVID-19. Foram extraídos dados bibliométricos e descritivos dos artigos incluídos, e a qualidade metodológica foi avaliada usando a ferramenta A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews. Resultados: Um total de 348 metanálises foram consideradas elegíveis. A primeira delas foi publicada em 26 de fevereiro de 2020, e, desde então, o número dessas publicações cresceu rapidamente. A maioria foi publicada em periódicos de infectologia e virologia. Grande parte é proveniente da China, seguida dos Estados Unidos, da Itália e do Reino Unido. Em média, as metanálises incluíram 23 estudos e 15.200 participantes. Em geral, a qualidade metodológica foi baixa, e apenas 8,9% delas podem ser consideradas de algum grau de confiabilidade Conclusão: Embora algumas metanálises bem conduzidas sobre a doença pelo COVID-19 tenham sido publicadas, a maioria apresenta baixa qualidade. Todos os envolvidos na abordagem da doença pelo COVID-19, incluindo formuladores de políticas, pesquisadores, editoras e periódicos, devem dar prioridade a metanálises de alta qualidade, realizadas apenas quando os dados são viáveis, e desencorajar as de baixa qualidade ou conduzidas com métodos subótimos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bibliometrics , COVID-19 , United States , China , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Databases, Bibliographic , Systematic Reviews as Topic , United Kingdom , Italy
3.
Clin. biomed. res ; 41(2): 170-177, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1338010

ABSTRACT

Public­private partnerships are joint initiatives between the public and private sectors with a specific focus and a defined level of action. Several international reports have shown good results of public­private partnerships using physical activity interventions associated with public health policies and strategies. Among these reports, we highlight those that focus on the prevention of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma, and obesity using physical activity as the main tool. This article discusses the conceptual framework behind these partnerships, addressing their possible effectiveness and feasibility. We debate important factors in the success of these partnerships, as well as possible benefits to the public and private entities involved and to the target populations of these interventions. (AU)


Parcerias público-privadas são iniciativas organizadas em conjunto por entidades dos setores público e privado, com foco específico e nível de atuação definido. Diversos relatos internacionais demonstram bons resultados das parcerias público-privadas que usam intervenções de atividade física associadas a estratégias ou a políticas de saúde pública. Dentre estas, destacam-se aqueles que focam a prevenção de doenças crônicas, como doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes, asma e obesidade. Este artigo discute os aspectos conceituais que embasam essas parcerias, abordando os fatores que justificam sua eficácia e viabilidade. São debatidos os fatores de sucesso e os possíveis benefícios destas parcerias às entidades envolvidas, sejam elas públicas ou privadas, bem como para a população-alvo destas parcerias. (AU)


Subject(s)
Exercise , Public Health , Chronic Disease/prevention & control , Public-Private Sector Partnerships
4.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 27(3): 542-548, jul.-set. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041991

ABSTRACT

Resumo O uso de animais para fins didáticos e de pesquisa requer cuidados específicos. Atualmente, vigora no Brasil a Lei 11.794/2008, que rege parâmetros legais de manejo e conduta neste caso. Esta lei foi acompanhada da instalação ou adequação de comissões de ética em instituições que utilizam animais para ensino e investigação, bem como da criação do Conselho Nacional de Controle de Experimentação Animal. No entanto, apesar dos avanços, especialmente na legislação, ainda não foi consolidada nenhuma grande mudança de comportamento de pesquisadores e alunos de graduação que manuseiam animais em laboratório. A divulgação de informações deixa a desejar, e a prática acaba por repercutir a carência de reflexão ética. Este artigo busca averiguar o atual conhecimento bioético de alunos de graduação e professores com o objetivo de estimular mudanças de conduta. Aprovado CEP-Unioeste CAAE 8563417.8.0000.0107


Abstract Used for education and research, laboratory animals require special care on their handling. Brazilian Law 11,794/2008 establishes the legal parameters for animal manipulation and welfare. It was accompanied by the obligatory installation of the Institutional Ethics Committees on the Use of Animals and the creation of the National Council for Animal Experimentation Control. There have been advances in the field of animal bioethics legislation. However, considering the behavior of those who handle the animals in laboratory environment, especially undergraduate students, these advances are insufficient: the information does not reach them and their attitudes remain in need of ethical reflection. This article seeks to investigate the current bioethical knowledge of undergraduate students and teachers in order to stimulate changes in conduct. Aprovado CEP-Unioeste CAAE: 78563417.8.0000.0107


Resumen El uso de animales con fines didácticos y de investigación requiere cuidados específicos. Actualmente, rige en Brasil la Ley 11.794/2008 que regula los parámetros legales de manejo y conducta en estos casos. Esta ley estuvo acompañada de la instalación o adecuación de comisiones de ética en instituciones que utilizan animales para enseñanza e investigación, así como de la creación del Consejo Nacional de Control de Experimentación Animal. No obstante, a pesar de los avances, especialmente en la legislación, aún no se ha consolidado ninguna gran transformación en el comportamiento de los investigadores y alumnos que manipulan animales en el laboratorio. La divulgación de informaciones es insuficiente, y la práctica acaba reflejando la falta de reflexión ética. Este artículo procura identificar el conocimiento bioético actual de los alumnos de grado y de los profesores, con el objetivo de estimular cambios en la conducta. Aprovado CEP-Unioeste CAAE: 78563417.8.0000.0107


Subject(s)
Bioethics , Animal Experimentation , Ethics , Animal Use Alternatives , Animal Care Committees , Animals, Laboratory
5.
Clin. biomed. res ; 37(2): 97-124, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-847997

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A poluição do ar é um importante fator ambiental relacionado a doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como doenças cardiovasculares e respiratórias. Essa relação torna-se importante em cidades com alta atividade industrial, como Vitória/ES. Esta pesquisa utilizou três revisões sistemáticas (RSs) distintas para avaliar a epidemiologia das doenças cardiovasculares (RS1), a epidemiologia das doenças respiratórias (RS2) e a associação entre poluição do ar e doenças cardiorrespiratórias (RS3) na cidade de Vitória. Métodos: A busca bibliográfica considerou três bases de dados (PubMed, Scopus e LILACS). Foi estabelecida uma quantidade mínima de três estudos para a condução de metanálises. A heterogeneidade de cada análise foi calculada pelo índice I2. Resultados: A busca bibliográfica resultou em 1.205 registros, dos quais 27 foram incluídos ­ 17 na RS1, cinco na RS2 e cinco na RS3. Apenas dois desfechos puderam ser avaliados por meio de metanálises: prevalência de hipertensão e prevalência de asma em crianças. Estima-se uma prevalência de 34% (IC95%: 24-45) de hipertensão e de 12% (IC95%: 1-32) de asma em crianças. Os poluentes mais avaliados foram MP10 e SO2, para os quais não se pôde realizar metanálises. Todas as análises apresentaram baixo número de registros incluídos e alta heterogeneidade. Conclusão: Há poucos dados disponíveis sobre a associação de doenças cardiorrespiratórias e poluição ambiental em Vitória. A heterogeneidade, a diversidade de desfechos e a baixa quantidade de estudos impediram a condução de análises mais profundas e limitaram o poder de síntese e conclusão dessas revisões, impossibilitando uma avaliação adequada dos objetivos propostos. São necessários mais estudos epidemiológicos com amostras de grande porte e representativas para que se tenha resultados conclusivos sobre a relação entre poluição ambiental e doenças cardiorrespiratórias em Vitória (AU)


Introduction: Air pollution is an important environmental factor related to chronic non-transmittable diseases, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. This relationship is especially relevant in cities with high industrial activity, such as Vitória, Brazil. This research used three systematic reviews (SRs) to evaluate the epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases (SR1), the epidemiology of respiratory diseases (RS2), and the association between air pollution and cardiorespiratory diseases (RS3) in Vitória, Brazil. Methods: A bibliographic search was conducted in three independent databases (PubMed, Scopus and LILACS). A minimum amount of three studies was established to perform meta-analyses. Heterogeneity was calculated using the I2 index. Results: The bibliographic search retrieved 1205 references, of which 27 were included ­ 17 in SR1, five in SR2, and five in SR3. Only two outcomes could be evaluated through meta-analysis: prevalence of hypertension and prevalence of asthma in children. The most frequently evaluated pollutants were PM10 and SO2. The estimated prevalence of hypertension was 34% (CI95%: 24-45) and of asthma in children was 12% (CI95%: 1-32). All analyses had a limited number of included references and showed high heterogeneity. Conclusions: There are limited data available regarding the association of cardiorespiratory diseases and air pollution in Vitória, Brazil. The heterogeneity, the diversity of outcomes, and the limited number of studies hampered the performance of a more detailed analysis and limited the conclusions of these reviews, preventing a proper appraisal of the proposed aims. Further epidemiological studies with bigger and more representative sample sizes are needed to generate conclusive data about the relationship between air pollution and cardiorespiratory diseases in Vitória, Brazil (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Air Pollution , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology
6.
Clin. biomed. res ; 35(4): 200-210, 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-790883

ABSTRACT

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a proposed mental disorder still controversial. This condition is prevalent in northern latitudes, but few studies have been conducted at locations in the southern hemisphere. It is usually assessed by the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). This study aimed to evaluate, through on-line questionnaire, the hypothesis that, in the Brazilian population, latitude and longitude influence SPAQ scores. Methods: An advertisement was posted on a sleep medicine website inviting visitors to investigate seasonal patterns of behavior and mood, using a Brazilian Portuguese version of the SPAQ. The geographic coordinates of the place of residence of each respondent were analyzed as a continuous variable or distributed in quartiles of latitude and longitude. The psychometric properties of the SPAQ were assessed by reliability and factor analyses. Results: Answers from 1001 respondents out of 1045 were considered eligible. High SPAQ scores were observed in 287 respondents, equally distributed among all latitude and longitude quartiles. Data collected in different seasons and during daylight saving time did not differ significantly in any of the scores for SPAQ dimensions. No correlations between SPAQ scores and latitude or longitude were observed. Psychometric properties of the SPAQ were preserved in all geographic locations. Conclusion: The finding of similar SPAQ scores at a wide latitude range defies the concept of SAD symptoms as latitude or longitude-dependent phenomena...


Subject(s)
Psychometrics , Seasonal Affective Disorder
7.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 11(2): 256-260, Apr.-June 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-679273

ABSTRACT

Clinical aspects of the mother-infant relationship and related issues are well studied and very relevant to medical practice. Nevertheless, some approaches in this context cannot plausibly be investigated in humans due to their ethical implications and to the potential harm to the mother's and child's health. Studies on maternal behavior in animals have evident importance to some clinical fields, such as psychiatry and psychology, particularly considering topics, including mother-infant relationship, postpartum depression, cognitive and behavioral development of children, and associated issues. Hence, this theoretical article draws attention to the clinical applicability of studies about maternal behavior in animals to psychobiology, taking into account a translational perspective.


Os aspectos clínicos da relação materno-infantil e assuntos a eles associados são suficientemente bem estudados e conhecidos, e de grande importância à prática médica. Contudo, algumas abordagens de pesquisa, nesse contexto, não podem ser feitas em seres humanos de forma plausível, devido a implicações éticas e ao potencial dano à saúde, tanto da mãe quanto da criança. Os estudos sobre comportamento materno em animais apresentam importância evidente em áreas clínicas, como psiquiatria e psicologia, particularmente quando considerados temas como relação materno-infantil, depressão pós-parto, desenvolvimento cognitivo e comportamental infantil, entre outros. Portanto, este ensaio teórico chama atenção para a aplicabilidade clínica de estudos sobre comportamento materno feitos em animais de experimentação em psicobiologia, considerando uma perspectiva translacional.


Subject(s)
Animals , Biomedical Research , Maternal Behavior , Models, Animal , Mother-Child Relations , Paternal Behavior
8.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-147668

ABSTRACT

Background & objectives: Sleep restriction is a common feature of modern lifestyle and its effects can be extended to pregnancy. Several neurobehavioural consequences of sleep restriction during pregnancy have been reported, among which stand out perinatal depression and maternal fatigue, however, its effects over mother-infant relationship warrant further investigation. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the effects of sleep restriction during pregnancy over maternal behaviour and maternal aggression through animal models. Methods: Eighteen 90-day-old female Wistar rats were distributed in two groups: (i) Control - not submitted to any manipulation during pregnancy, and (ii) Sleep restriction - submitted to sleep restriction during the entire pregnancy (21 days) through the multiple platforms technique. In the postpartum day 5, resident-intruder paradigm and the latencies test were performed to assess both maternal behaviour and maternal aggression. Results: The sleep-restricted females displayed grooming in less frequency and duration, and with higher latency when compared to normal animals, while maternal aggression and maternal behaviour parameters remained equivalent between groups. Interpretation & conclusions: Considering the maintenance of maternal behavioural parameters, the inhibition of grooming seems to exert an adaptive mechanism, enabling sleep-restricted rats to display maternal behaviour properly.

9.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 10(4): 519-523, Oct.-Dec. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662481

ABSTRACT

Sleep deprivation is a condition that is more and more observed in modern society bringing various neurobehavioral effects, being anxious states one of the main problems. Many studies have successfully demonstrated the relationship between sleep deprivation and anxiety in clinical research. As to basic experimentation, various models have been efficiently used in order to evaluate an anxious behavior. However, the same efficacy is not found on basic studies that deal with the relationship between paradoxical sleep and anxiety. The great majority of studies which approach this matter in animal models do not present results that may be applied to clinical practice and this is basically due to two reasons: inconsistency among results and lack of replicability as related to clinical studies. It has to be emphasized that the use of animal models is extremely useful, mainly under experimental conditions which cannot be ethically or plausibly be approached in human beings. So, the present theoretical assay tries to evaluate in a brief and critical manner the applicability of animal models in sleep deprivation under a translational perspective.


A privação de sono é uma condição cada vez mais observada na sociedade moderna, resultando em diversos efeitos neurocomportamentais. Um dos principais efeitos comportamentais dessa condição é a proeminência de estados ansiosos. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado, com sucesso, a relação entre privação de sono e ansiedade na pesquisa clínica. Quanto à experimentação básica, diversos modelos têm sido eficientemente empregados na avaliação do comportamento do tipo ansioso. Todavia, a mesma eficácia não é encontrada nos estudos básicos, que abordam a relação entre privação de sono paradoxal e ansiedade. A maioria dos estudos que aborda essa relação em modelos animais não apresenta resultados passíveis de extrapolação à prática clínica, e isso se deve basicamente a dois motivos: inconsistência entre resultados e falta de replicabilidade em relação a estudos clínicos. Ressalta-se que o uso de modelo animais é extremamente útil, sobretudo em condições experimentais que não podem ser ética ou plausivelmente abordadas em seres humanos. Desse modo, o presente ensaio teórico busca avaliar, de modo sucinto e crítico, a aplicabilidade dos modelos animais de privação de sono, sob uma perspectiva translacional.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Anxiety/physiopathology , Models, Animal , Sleep Deprivation/physiopathology , Sleep/physiology , Sleep Deprivation/psychology , Sleep, REM/physiology , Translational Research, Biomedical
10.
Cad. Ter. Ocup. UFSCar (Impr.) ; 20(2): 279-285, maio-ago. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: lil-663205

ABSTRACT

A síndrome da fibromialgia é uma doença reumática não inflamatória que acomete principalmente as mulheres, sendo que 93% dos atingidos são de etnia branca. A síndrome da fibromialgia pode ser classificada como primária, quando não há relação com outra patologia, ou secundária, quando esta se encontra associada com alguma patologia. O paciente fibromiálgico precisa receber tratamento multidisciplinar, ou seja, áreas distintas devem trabalhar em conjunto para que haja uma melhora nos sintomas. Dentre os sintomas observados na fibromialgia, o mais comum é a dor crônica e difusa. A literatura apresenta referências que apontam os efeitos e benefícios do exercício físico como forma de tratamento não-medicamentoso para os portadores da síndrome da fibromialgia. Dentre os exercícios físicos estão a atividade aeróbica, alongamentos e treinamento de força, entre outros. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar as formas pelas quais o exercício físico pode ser útil ao paciente fibromiálgico, sobretudo no que tange a melhora dos seus sintomas


Fibromyalgic syndrome is a non-inflammatory rheumatic disease which affects primarily Caucasian women. Fibromyalgic syndrome can be classified as primary, when there is no other associated pathology; or secondary, when it is diagnosed related to some other pathology. The fibromyalgic patient needs to receive multidisciplinary treatment and different areas should work together to promote the improvement of symptoms. The most common classical symptom of this disease is the chronic and diffuse pain. The specialized literature presents several works that point out the effects and benefits of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological treatment for patients with fibromyalgic syndrome. Aerobic activity, stretching and strength training are among the physical exercises. Thus, this review aimed to highlight the several ways physical exercise can be useful to the fibromyalgic patient, especially concerning the improvement of symptoms


Subject(s)
Humans , Therapeutics , Exercise , Fibromyalgia/psychology
11.
Clinics ; 67(7): 827-830, July 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-645458

ABSTRACT

Patients who have suffered burns frequently experience psychological consequences, among which anxiety disorders are prominent. Benzodiazepines are commonly administered to treat these symptoms. The effects of benzodiazepines on healing may not be direct but rather are modulated by alterations of the sleep architecture. This hypothesis is supported by studies that demonstrate the effects of benzodiazepines on the immune system and the inflammatory profile under both normal sleep conditions and during sleep deprivation, particularly rapid eye movement sleep deprivation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Rats , Anti-Anxiety Agents/adverse effects , Burns/psychology , Midazolam/adverse effects , Wound Healing/drug effects , Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy , Anxiety Disorders/immunology , Burns/immunology , Sleep Deprivation/drug therapy , Sleep Deprivation/immunology , Stress, Psychological/drug therapy , Stress, Psychological/immunology , Wound Healing/immunology , Wound Healing/physiology
12.
Clinics ; 67(4): 375-380, 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-623117

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the paired consequences of food restriction and paradoxical sleep deprivation on lipid profile and spontaneous glucose levels in male rats. METHOD: Food restriction began at weaning, with 6 g of food being provided per day, which was subsequently increased by 1 g per week until reaching 15 g per day by the eighth week. At adulthood, both rats subjected to food restriction and those fed ad libitum were exposed to paradoxical sleep deprivation for 96 h or were maintained in their home-cage groups. RESULTS: Animals subjected to food restriction exhibited a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein levels compared to animals that were given free access to food. After the paradoxical sleep deprivation period, the foodrestricted animals demonstrated reduced concentrations of high-density lipoprotein relative to their respective controls, although the values for the food-restricted animals after sleep deprivation were still higher than those for the ad libitum group. The concentration of low-density lipoproteins was significantly increased in sleep-deprived animals fed the ad libitum diet. The levels of triglycerides, very low-density lipoproteins, and glucose in foodrestricted animals were each decreased compared to both ad libitum groups. CONCLUSION: These results may help to illustrate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between sleep curtailment and metabolism and may suggest that, regardless of sleep deprivation, dietary restriction can minimize alterations in parameters related to cardiovascular risk.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Blood Glucose/analysis , Food Deprivation/physiology , Lipids/blood , Sleep Deprivation/physiopathology , Cholesterol/blood , Lipoproteins, HDL/blood , Lipoproteins, LDL/blood , Rats, Wistar , Sleep Deprivation/blood , Triglycerides/blood
13.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662837

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe a series of cases of tobacco chippers (TCs) who sought assistance for smoking cessation. DESCRIPTION OF CASES: We describe the case of three TCs who participated in a free quit-smoking support group. Smokers answered self-administered questionnaires covering sociodemographic data, smoking history, nicotine dependence, perceived health status, and motivational stages. Of the 183 smokers enrolled in the program, three (1.6%) were considered TCs. All three were women and reported alcohol use, although at low frequencies. Two of them reported the presence of potentially tobacco-related disease. All TCs presented light nicotine dependence and reported difficulties quitting smoking. All dropped out after the first group meeting. COMMENTS: This study describes a subgroup of smokers not extensively described in the literature: TCs seeking assistance for smoking cessation, with some degree of nicotine dependence, and who do not adhere to regular group therapy. Interventions aimed at this population may be an interesting strategy for smoking cessation (AU)


OBJETIVO: Descrever uma série de casos de tobacco chippers (TCs) que buscaram auxílio para cessação do hábito de fumar. DESCRIÇÃO DOS CASOS: São descritos três casos de TCs que participaram de um grupo de apoio terapêutico a tabagistas. Os participantes responderam questionários autoaplicados que incluíam questões sobre dados sociodemográficos, histórico de tabagismo, dependência à nicotina, estado de saúde percebido e estágios motivacionais. Dos 183 tabagistas inscritos no grupo, três (1,6%) foram considerados TCs. Todos os três casos eram mulheres e relataram o uso de álcool, embora em frequências baixas. Duas relataram a presença de doenças potencialmente relacionadas ao uso do tabaco. Todas apresentavam baixos níveis de dependência à nicotina e relataram dificuldades em parar de fumar. Todas desistiram do tratamento após a primeira sessão. COMENTÁRIOS: Este estudo descreve um subgrupo de fumantes ainda não muito explorado na literatura: TCs que buscam auxílio para cessação do hábito de fumar, apresentam algum grau de dependência à nicotina e não aderem à terapia de grupo tradicional. Intervenções direcionadas especificamente a essa população podem ser uma estratégia interessante para a cessação do hábito de fumar (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Psychotherapy, Group , Smoking/psychology , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology , Tobacco Use Disorder/therapy , Smoking/therapy , Smoking Cessation/psychology
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